Vaccine and test go hand in hand!

The long-awaited HPV vaccine, which can prevent cervical cancer, is getting closer and closer.

HPV virus is also called "Human Papilloma Virus". The scary thing is that HPV infection is so common that it is difficult for you to escape. According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), almost every man and woman will be infected with the HPV virus at some stage in their lives.

But according to the World Health Organization (WHO), “Usually, within a few months after infection, HPV infection will disappear without any intervention. About 90% will subside within 2 years.” Currently There are more than 150 virus subtypes of HPV known, and some of these high-risk virus subtypes can also cause cancer, and both men and women may be infected with HPV virus.

For example, the high-risk HPV-16 virus and HPV-18 virus are the main causes of cervical cancer. And 99.7% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV infection. But this does not mean that HPV infection will definitely lead to cervical cancer.

According to data released by WHO, in 2012, approximately 266,000 people died of cervical cancer induced by HPV infection. In my country, the prevention and treatment situation is even more severe. The "2015 China Cancer Statistics Report" shows that there are about 98,900 new cases of cervical cancer and 30,500 deaths in China each year. Cervical cancer ranks second in women-specific cancers, second only to breast cancer.

Distribution of HPV genes in different cancers

Although, compared with other regions, early cervical cancer screening initiatives in developed countries can greatly reduce the mortality rate, but the fact that too many people are diagnosed with cervical cancer is still worrying. Every year, 122,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer in the United States. Diagnosed with cervical cancer.

Not only that, cancers infected by HPV, including cervical cancer, vagina cancer, penile cancer, anal cancer, and even oropharyngeal cancer at the back of the throat, usually have no symptoms until the very serious and difficult-to-treat advanced stage, so Vaccination against HPV infection is very important.

So far, there are 3 types of cervical cancer vaccines on the market, namely "GSK’s bivalent HPV vaccine Cervarix", "Mersk’s quadrivalent HPV vaccine Gardasil 4", and "Mersk’s quadrivalent HPV vaccine Gardasil 4". The nine-valent HPV vaccine Gardasil (Gardasil 9)".

Bivalent vaccine: for HPV16 and 18 subtypes, these two subtypes are the main subtypes that cause cervical cancer, which can cover about 70% of cervical cancer. The best age for vaccination is 9-25 years old.

Quadrivalent vaccine: HPV6 and 11 are added to the bivalent vaccine, because 6 and 11 also cause 90% of genital warts. Applicable age can be from 20-45 years old.

Nine-valent vaccine: On the basis of the quadrivalent vaccine, it covers 31, 33, 45, 52, 58 (including HPV52 and 58 viruses, which are the most easily infected by Asians), which can prevent 90% of cervical cancer. CDC recommends vaccination for men and women aged 9-26.

Among them, in July 2016, the my country Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) approved GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals (GSK) HPV vaccine "Xirix", becoming China's first HPV vaccine approved for the prevention of cervical cancer.

On May 19, 2017, the website of the State Food and Drug Administration learned that Merck’s quadrivalent HPV vaccine was officially approved for marketing in China. This vaccine is the second of its kind after the GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) bivalent HPV vaccine was approved in China, and the age range for vaccination has been relaxed to 45 years.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the nine-valent plus Desi vaccine for marketing in December 2014 and recommended it as a routine immunotherapy. Currently, more than 60 countries have licensed the vaccine for use in HPV infection-related anal and genital cancers, as well as genital warts.

In March 2016, the nine-valent HPV vaccine was officially launched in Hong Kong, China and can be vaccinated in clinics.

Now that the bivalent vaccine has been on the market and the quadrivalent vaccine has been approved by the state, how far is it from us for the nine-valent vaccine with a safety coverage rate of over 90%?

Qiao Youlin, Director of Tumor Epidemiology Research Office, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences:

"The entire bivalent vaccine has spent 7 to 8 years in China, and it has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration. Then the approved products of the quadrivalent vaccine have not yet come in, and the nine-valent vaccine has not yet entered clinical trials, so if you wait for the nine-valent vaccine , That time is very long."

In response to the idea of individual netizens going abroad to inoculate the nine-valent vaccine, Zhao Fanghui, deputy director, professor, and doctoral supervisor of the Tumor Epidemiology Department of the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, believes that bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines can basically prevent more than 70% of HPV viruses. Nine-valent vaccine is nothing more than the icing on the cake caused by cervical cancer.

Although the HPV vaccine is very effective, it still cannot replace routine cervical cancer screening.

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The above content is integrated from: Singularity, Netease News, Southern Weekend, Sohu News, etc.