Must read! Most complete hypertension daily life management guide, early know early benefit!

Speaking of high blood pressure, I believe everyone is no stranger to it. Today, let us talk about high blood pressure together~

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Hypertension is not only a common chronic disease, but also one of the high-risk factors that induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. There are about 1 billion hypertensive patients in the world, and the number of patients in my country exceeds 300 million, and it is increasing year by year.

According to the World Health Organization, around 2020, hypertension and its complications will reach the second peak of incidence in developing countries.

Classification and definition of blood pressure levels

Note: When SBP and DBP belong to different levels, the higher level shall prevail

According to the Chinese guidelines for hypertension, in the absence of antihypertensive drugs, office systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≧140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≧90 mmHg is defined as hypertension.

According to the elevated blood pressure level, hypertension is divided into grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3. Grade 1 is mild hypertension, and Grade 3 is severe hypertension.

Did you take your blood pressure today?

Causes of hypertension

The occurrence of high blood pressure is related to many factors, the most important of which are the following:

1. Heredity

The genetic trend of hypertension is very clear, and 30%-50% of an individual's risk of hypertension is due to genetic factors. The results of epidemiological studies have found that the incidence of hypertension has obvious family clustering. People with a family history of hypertension have a lifetime risk of hypertension 4 times higher than those without a family history of hypertension.

2. Age

Arteries will gradually harden with age and become inelastic. The older you get, the higher your risk of hypertension. Specifically, systolic blood pressure increases with age, while diastolic blood pressure tends to decrease.

3. Gender

The different body structures between men and women make them have different performances in terms of susceptibility, prevalence and treatment response to hypertension. Compared with men, women have a lower pre-menopausal hypertension prevalence, but post-menopausal risk significantly increases.

4. Race

There are obvious ethnic differences in the prevalence of hypertension. The incidence of hypertension in blacks is significantly higher than that in whites, but there is no significant difference in the incidence of hypertension between whites and Hispanics, and whites and Chinese.

5. Obesity

Obesity has become a major hidden danger that affects the prevalence of hypertension. Excess fat will deposit on the blood vessel wall, causing narrowing and hardening of the lumen, and increasing blood pressure.

The prevalence of hypertension in individuals with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m is 42.5%, and the prevalence of individuals with a BMI of less than 23 kg/m is 15.3%, and obese people are affected by poor metabolism, and they suffer from hypertension-related diseases. The risk is also greatly increased compared with the normal population.

[BMI=weight (kg)/height (m) 2]

6. Smoking

Tobacco contains a toxic substance-nicotine, commonly known as nicotine, which can stimulate the heart, increase heart rate, increase myocardial oxygen consumption, constrict arterial blood vessels, and rapidly increase arterial blood pressure in a short time, induce coronary artery spasm and myocardial infarction. Hypertensive patients with smoking habits have reduced sensitivity to antihypertensive drugs.

7, drinking

Drinking a little drink can expand blood vessels and promote blood circulation. However, if you drink a lot of alcohol (alcohol intake ≥30 g/d), the blood vessels will be in a dilated state for a long time, which will damage the blood vessel function and increase blood pressure. In addition, heavy drinking also has a significant impact on the antihypertensive effect of patients with hypertension.

8. High-salt diet

Often eat too salty, too much sodium intake, so that the blood sodium ion concentration is too high, blood volume increases, blood pressure rises. The daily salt intake of healthy adults should be less than 5.75 g, and the daily salt intake should be increased by 5-6 g, and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure will increase by 3-6 mmHg and 0.1-2.5 mmHg on average.

9. Sleep

Insufficient sleep time and insomnia can cause the activation of the stress system in the body, leading to sympathetic nerve excitement, which will increase blood pressure, and abnormal fluctuations in blood pressure will in turn affect the quality of sleep, which will eventually form a vicious circle.

Hypertension prevention measures

1. Reasonable diet.

Reduce sodium intake; reduce saturated fat and cholesterol intake as much as possible. It is recommended to choose fats with a reasonable amount and composition of fatty acids, such as olive oil, tea oil, etc.; diet with fruits, vegetables, whole grains rich in edible fiber, and plant sources Mainly contains protein, increase calcium intake, and ensure 250~500 ml of skimmed or low-fat milk daily.

2. Stop smoking and limit alcohol.

Refusal of smoking, e-cigarette and second-hand smoke. Smoking can reduce the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs, and the long-term prognosis is poor; long-term excessive drinking can counteract the antihypertensive effect of antihypertensive drugs, making blood pressure difficult to control. After quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, in addition to the drop in blood pressure, the patient's treatment effect on hypertension drugs will also be greatly improved.

3. Exercise moderately.

Insist on aerobic exercise, supplemented by anaerobic exercise. Common forms of aerobic exercise include brisk walking, jogging, biking, swimming, mountain climbing, climbing stairs, etc. It is recommended to perform at least 3 to 5 times a week for more than 30 minutes each time.

4. Regular inspections.

Measure blood pressure 1 day a week, morning and evening, make a record, and seek medical attention if there is any problem. The standard for self-test blood pressure at home is less than 135/85 mmHg, and the standard for office doctors to determine blood pressure is less than 140/90 mmHg.

5. Happy mood.

Reduce mental pressure, maintain mental balance, avoid mood swings, maintain an optimistic and positive attitude, and create a good psychological environment. In daily life, you can practice calligraphy and Tai Chi to temper your temper, so that you will have a calm mind and not be impatient.

6. Good sleep.

After insomnia, blood pressure must rise the next day. Sleep is the best health regimen. Good sleeping habits can help lower blood pressure.